Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Top Advice on Custom Essay Papers Writing Service

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Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Book Review on the Third Side by William Ury - 1007 Words

Book Review of The Third Side: Why We Fight and How We Can Stop by William Ury Reviewed By: Syed Shahzad Ali Class: M.Phil ( DPA) Review Submitted to: Dr. Anila Amber Dated: 17th October 2012 Book Review of The Third Side: Why We Fight and How We Can Stop by William Ury This is a state-of-the-art book on conflict management and negotiation by well known negotiator and mediator William L. Ury, an American National, who is world s leading negotiation expert, he has mediated situations ranging from corporate arena to wildcat strikes, and from family disputes to ethnic wars in the Middle East, the Balkans, N. Ireland and many other places. He has also worked on the problem of how to prevent†¦show more content†¦Tone amp; Expression of author was strong in beginning but it has become soften when third segment of book started from How can we stop? And at the end again tone amp; expression of author found strong. Ideology of an author is ideal which might be varied from culture to culture amp; Society to Society. Argument presented in the paperback with lot of enthusiasm amp; conviction, one should appreciate it as well. Grip on content were sufficient within a single part of book and linkages among thr paragraphs were better but among the three parts it bit distracted as first part of book was bit lengthy amp; over detailed and reader may lost the direction if he is not reading it in a one sitting. Conclusion has been depicted in a very persuasive amp; suggestive manner which left the profound impression on the reader mind about the third side amp; Conflict Management. It’s a significant contribution by William Ury to the domain of conflict Management. It s not only give the new meaning to manage the relationships while dealing with difficult people which is need of today s world specially for the society of Pakistan, but also it is equally instructive for the students of social sciences or psychology. One should read it once in his/her life whether one isShow MoreRelatedNegotiation Is The Ultimate And Essential Facet Essay1829 Words   |  8 Pagesatmospheres. Even in diplomacy, negotiation is the ultimate and essential facet but the hardest to master. This book-Getting Past No- demonstrates to the reader exactly how to traverse the impediments that stand between them and Yes. The author lays out a five-step strategy of breakthrough negotiation to help the reader break through each of the five barriers to cooperation. The author, William Ury, is a world renowned expert on negotiation and arbitration. He is currently a Distinguished Senior FellowRead MoreGetting Past No - A Critique3444 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Clarkson Univeristy – OS 666 Getting Past No A Critique Aaron Cubells 10/15/2013 In his book titled Getting Past No, William Ury encompasses the key elements that cultivate successful negotiation. He is able to step back and fundamentally view the dynamics between the two separate parties, which in turn allows him to formalize and explain a systemic set of guidelines that can be utilized to successfully negotiate. The tools he conveys are infinitely beneficial, especially since thereRead MoreMidwestern Contemporary Art Essay5691 Words   |  23 Pageswas in-line with the financial and overall strategic goals of the organization. What kind of conflicts were Schmidt and Smith experiencing? Schmidt and Smith are experiencing a role conflict and a power struggle. 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(PW) o The key elements in the art of working together are how to deal with change, how to deal with conflict, and how to reach our potential ... the needs of the team are best met when we meet the needs of individual persons (ART)Read MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesinstitutions diï ¬â‚¬er (and perhaps this is part of the reason why much of the economics literature has focused on the proximate causes of economic growth, largely neglecting fundamental institutional causes). This chapter has three aims. First, we selectively review the evidence that diï ¬â‚¬erences in economic institutions are a fundamental cause of cross-country diï ¬â‚¬erences in prosperity. Second, we outline a framework for thinking about why economic institutions vary across countries. 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Effective leading requires the managerRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCritical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure andRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlin Kevin Murphy Laura Ierardi Allison Morris Hilary Newman mb editorial services David Levy  ©Michael Eudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored inRead MoreTransforming Total Sales into Net Profits51271 Words   |  206 Pages Read the Reviews â€Å"Viable Vision: Transforming Total Sales into Net Profits is a book for anyone responsible for increasing the profitability of their business. Gerry Kendall combines the theory with real life examples of its power to transform complex problems into clear, common sense executables that will increase the profitability of your business. If you think the complexities restrict the future success of your business, then you’re about to be enlightened.† —Patrick J. Bennett, Executive ViceRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesspecified. 10 ‘‘(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary shall estab- 11 lish a uniform definition of medical loss ratio and method12 ology for determining how to calculate it based on the av13 erage medical loss ratio in a health insurance issuer’s book 14 of business for the small and large group market. Such 15 methodology shall be designed to take into account the 16 special circumstances of smaller plans, different types of 17 plans, and newer plans. In determining the medical loss 18 ratio

Monday, December 9, 2019

African Poetry free essay sample

It is a historical irony that the same language serves the African writer in voicing his thoughts and feelings to the world at large. While discussing the future of English, Simeon Porter observes, It will adopt to meet new needs and in that incessant reshaping and adaptation, every speaker and writer consciously or unconsciously will play some part. (181) Today, the prediction of Porter came true of African writing in English. It brought strength and appeal to the English language by adding a large range of new vocabulary and usage. Writing on the problems faced by the African English writers,  Chinua Achebe  the famous Nigerian writer says, The African writer should aim to use English that brings out his message without altering the language to the extent that its value as a medium of international exchange will be lost. He should aim at fashioning out an English, which is at once unusual and able to carry his peculiar experience. (61) It is applaudable that the writers of Africa succeeded in accomplishing the above task set by Achebe, which is by any means not an easy one. Their successful integration of native experience and expression in an alien tongue received worldwide acclaim. Their success proved, as critics like Srinivasa Iyengar pointed out, A shot in the arm of modern English Literature has had to come from West Africans like Amos Tutuola,  Wole Soyinka  and Gabriel Okara. (16) The role of poetry, in African literature, has been highly effective in providing the people with the needful inspiration and the necessary insight. The language of poetry, for the African people, is a source of learning and becoming aware of their destiny that necessitates the knowledge of their past, present and the possible future. These and several other ideas fuelled African poetry in English. For the African poets, poetry became a powerful medium through which they conveyed to the world audience, not only their despairs and hopes, the enthusiasm and empathy, the thrill of joy and the stab of pain but lso a nations history as it moved from freedom to slavery, from slavery to revolution, from revolution to independence and from independence to tasks of reconstruction which further involve situations of failure and disillusion. (Iyengar, 15) When we read African Literature, we should, by obligation remember that, colonization was at its harshest in Africa. As history stands proof, it was highly exploited and savaged by the ambitious white man. This experience is on the minds of all thinking poets. Despite getting uhuru or in dependence, the bitterness returns again and again. The unforgettable colonial past comes angrily alive in a poem by Kenyas poet Joseph Kareyaku thus, It is not as you suppose, your lands, your cars, your money, or your cities I covet It is what gores me most, that in my own house and in my very own home you should eye me and all thats mine with that practiced, long-drawn, insulting sneer. (quoted in Iyengar, 30) In a poem entitled If you want to know me Noemia De Sousa writes ruefully of Africa, by effectively using the literary device of personification thus: This is what I am mpty sockets despairing of possessing of life a mouth torn open in an anguished wound a body tattooed with wounds seen and unseen from the harsh whipstrokes of slavery tortured and magnificent proud and mysterious Africa from head to foot This is what I am. (Narasimhaiah, 137) The much-brutalized Dark Continent is tellingly depicted in the following lines of a poem named The Shapes of Fear by Richard Ntiru. Like an arrested breath when breathing makes silence imperfect and the ear cannot differentiate between the conspiratorial whispers and the winds singing. .. a twig in the courtyard snaps and report of a gun is understood. (Narasimhaiah, 137) Nigerian poet , the Nobel laureate Wole Soyinkas masterful irony skillfully conceals anger at the racist attitude in his famous poem, Telephone Converstion. After negotiating for a house on rent on telephone, he tells the landlady of his being a black African. He was rudely shocked when he was caught foully by the ladys query regarding his darkness thus: HOW DARK? I had not misheard Are you light OR VERY DARK (Narasimhaiah, 149) The ill- mannered silence between the two is filled with images such as stench of rancid breath of public- hide-and-speak, Red booth, Red- Pillar-box, Red double-tiered Omnibus squelching tar that subsume the age-old and still hopeless and violent colour- conflict. The theme of English superiority glares through David Rubadiris poem A Negro Labourer in Liverpool: Here his hope is the shovel And his fulfillment resignation. (Narasimhaiah, 134) One of the most important phases in African poetry is  Negritude, a powerful literary movement founded by Aime Cesaire of Senegal. Among other things, the Negritude poets favoured the theme of glorification of Africa. They worshipped anything African in scintillating rhymes. Anger at injustice meted out to the colonized Africa is also one of the oft-repeated themes of their poetry. Heres an example from David Diops poem Africa. Africa, my Africa Africa of proud warriors in ancestral savannahs. Is this you, this back that is bent This back that breaks under the weight of humiliation This back trembling with red scars And saying yes to the whip under the midday sun.. That is Africa your Africa That grows again patiently obstinately And its fruit gradually acquires The bitter taste of liberty. (Narasimhaiah, 153) Dennis Brutus, a South African poet, was subjected to torture by a cruel regime. His writing is full of images of love contrasted with images of death thus, Desolate Your face gleams up Beneath me in the dusk Abandoned A wounded dove Helpless Beneath the knife of love. (Quoted in Theroux, 2) Great feeling for Africa is felt in Abioseh Nicols poem The Meaning of Africa thus: Africa, you were once just a name to me So I came back ailing down the Guinea coast . You are not a country Africa, You are a concept I know now that is what you are Africa Happiness, contentment and fulfillment. (Quoted in Povey, 39) A poets affirmation of his love for Africa shines radiantly through the following verses. Dark Africa! My dawn is here; Behold! I see A rich warm glow in the East, And my day will soon be here. (Iyengar, 30) Deification of Africa is a fit topic for many African p oets. Perhaps this is their reaction to the self glorification and the civilizing zeal of the imperial powers of Europe. Bernard Dadies poem attains special significance viewed in that light. He says in a poem entitled I Thank God, I thank you God for creating me black. White is the colour for special occasions Black the colour for every day And I have carried the World since the dawn of time And my laugh over the World, through the night creates The Day. (Narasimhaiah, 122) In Africa, the advent of the white mans civilizing mission displaced scores of native societies from their own cultural roots. The impact of the spread of Christianity combined with material benefits such as classroom education and well-paid jobs forced many Africans abandon their own faith and adapt the religion of the pale-faced aliens. This situation is responsible for the natives to suffer from culture shock. Nevertheless, the native is expected to owe allegiance to his own tribal culture and embrace Christianity for material benefits. This cultural confusion is well articulated by Mabel Segun in a poem thus: Here we stand Infants overblown Poised between two civilizations Finding the balance irksome. (Quoted in Povey, 39) Gabriel Okara expresses the same sentiments in a lyric thus: When at break of day at a riverside I hear jungle drums Then I hear a wailing piano Solo speaking of complex ways. (Quoted in Gleason, 143) However, there are poets like Kofi Awoonor Williams of Ghana whose passion for past is expressed in his rediscovery themes with the help of extended rhythms as in the following lines. Sew the old days for us our fathers that we wear them under our old garments after we have washed ourselves.. ( The Anvil and the Hammer) gain, Sew the old days for me my father Sew them so that I may wear them For the feast that is coming. (Quoted in Theroux, 4) He accomplishes the same excellence of evolving extended rhythms in poems like The Long Journey and My Song. Poetic excellence and rare innovative creative ability are seen in  Christopher Okigbo  poems such as The Stars Have Departed. He says, The stars have departed The sky in a monocle Surveys the world under The stars have departed And I- Where am I? ? Stretch, stretch O antennae, To clutch at this hour, Fulfilling each movement in a Broken monody. (quoted in Walsh, 48) Images that can evoke a situation beyond hope which are reminiscent of Eliots war poetry are visible in the following verses from K. Brews poem The Search. The past is but the cinders Of the present The future The smoke That escaped Into the cloud- bound sky. (quoted in Walsh, 50) Some of the poets have realized the futility of fighting over issues such as race, respect and national identity. What more can be more illuminating than the enlightened poets words such as, You must leave the sifting sands of self- seeking and deceit nd erect far mightier mansions on the rock of healthy soil. (Iyengar, 36) Lenrie Peters poems are short on the print but deep on ones mind like the one cited below Open the gates To East and West Bring in all Thats good and best. The memorable lines of Peters poem On a wet September Morning with their sheer beauty of imagery and the underlying thought of universal brotherhood celebrate the oneness of the human family. To c ite a few verses, The echo burst in me Like a great harmonic chord- Violins of love and happy voices The pagan trumpet blast Swamping the lamentation of the horn Then the heraldic drums In slow crescendo rising Crashed though my senses Into a new present Which is the future. After this brief glance at African poetry, we realize that it is not simply an offshoot of British literary tradition. Despite the many disadvantages such as a scarred past, colonial trauma, expression in a foreign medium, inability to travel abroad, unstable economic and political state of affairs in their respective nations, lack of educational opportunities, the African poet has effortless creative capacity. It is an enriching combination of rich oral literature, native experience and imported tradition of writing in English that made African poetry a tremendous success both at home and abroad. The Black Orpheus (African Poets) is no longer an unknown or an unwanted quantity but a fascinating and often enviable and beneficent literary marvel from what was ignorantly termed as the dark continent.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Meaning After having discussed free essay sample

Meaning After having discussed organisation, its importance and principles in the previousunit, now we shall explain the meaning and importance of the term Departmentation which forms the very basis of the organisation structure of any enterprise. You have already noticed that organisation involves the dividing and grouping of the works to be performed in the enterprise on some logical basis so that team spirit can be developed. This grouping of activities and employees into various units for the purpose of administration is called departmentation. Concept and importance Departmentation is a means of dividing the large functional organisation into smaller, flexible administrative units. It makes grouping of activities into units and sub-units created through departmentation which are known as department, division, section, branch etc. The process of departmentation takes place at all levels in the organisation. At the top level, the break up of functions into activities is called Primary Departmentation. Grouping activities into separate units at the middle level is called Intermediate Departmentation and at the lower level it is called Ultimate Departmentation or Secondary Departmentation. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning After having discussed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Let us discuss some definitions of Departments. 1 . According to Louis Allen, Departmentation is a means of dividing the large and monolithic functional organisation into smaller flexible administrative units. 2. According to koonts and ODonnell : A department is a distinct area, division or branch of an enterprise over which a manager has authority for the performance of specified activities. In short, we need departmentation in an enterprise to divide the activities along with authority, responsibility and accountability with sole objective to get the work done smoothly and in the best possible way. Importance of Departmentation The importance of departmentation is to facilitate successful operation and to create an environment for effective performance. Grouping of activities and employees into departments makes it possible to expand an organisation to a large extent. It enables the organisation to recapture some of the advantages of the small functional organisation while minimising the disadvantages of that which comes with increasing size, diversity and dispersion. The importance of departmentation may be stated in the following way: Specification : Departmentation helps to grow specification in various activities which eads to improving the efficiency of operation. Feeling of autonomy : Departmentation gives independent charges to managers. The feeling of independence provides satisfaction and in turn increases their responsibilities and efficiency. Fixation of responsibility : Through departmentation, responsibilities of the work can be precisely and accurately fixed. The authority and responsibility of each department is defined precisely. Development of Management : The managers of each department perform specialised functions. They take independent decision and develop themselves for igher positions. Departmentation facilitates the development of managerial personnel by providing them opportunities for exercising initiatives. Facility in Appraisal : Since the managers perform specified Jobs, their performance appraisals become easier. Departmentation facilitates administrative control as standards of performance are laid down separately for each department. Budget Preparation : It makes the preparation of budget for departments easier as well as for the organisation as a whole easier. Proper Supervision : As the authority for making decisions is diffused to the anagers of the departments and works are assigned to each individual department wise, supervision and control become easier. Principles In this sections we will discuss the following principles of Departmentation 1 . Principle of attainment of organisational objectives : It implies that departments are designed or created to provide all the facilities to achieve organisational objectives in an effective and efficient manner. 2. Principle of comprehensive departmentation : It implies that the entire functions of the enterprise are to be covered while creating the departments. 3. Principle of inter-departmental co-operation : It implies that departments should be designed in such a way that maximum inter-departmental co-operation is possible. 4. Principle of promotion of specialisation : It should help in enhancing both managerial and operational specialisation so that organisational efficiency can be achieved. 5. Principles of cost-benefit analysis : It should be designed and developed in a manner to get the maximum benefit with minimum possible costs. 6. Principle of special attention to key-result areas : Key-result areas are those areas which determine the long term growth and survival of an organisation. It may include profitability, market standing, public relation etc. According to this principle while creating departments the key-result areas should be given special attention. 7. Principle of flexibility : It implies that there should be sufficient scope to change the design or set of departments as per the requirements of changing situation. 8. Principle of human consideration : Human consideration such as needs, values, attitudes, expectation, feelings etc. must be taken into consideration while creating Departmentation by Functions in management On the basis of functions undertaken by an enterprise, departments are created; This is a process of uniting people with similar activities to perform. This is based on specialised functions like production, marketing, finance and personnel. This type of departmentation is suitable for small and medium business where the chief executive can coordinate the functional specialists. A high degree of centralisation of power with the chief executive is the chief character of this structure. Some of the advantages of this structure are 1 . Benefits of occupational specialisation 2. Easier inter-departmental- coordination 3. Simple and understandable structure Limitations of this structure are: 1. Excess centralisation. 2. Unsuitable when geographical. 3. Unsuitable when emphasis on product line in called for. 4. Lower scope for promotional avenues. Popular Types of Departmentalization[edit] Functional departmentalization Grouping activities by functions performed. Activities can be grouped according to function (work being done) to pursue economies of scale by placing employees with shared skills and knowledge into departments for example human resources, IT, accounting, manufacturing, logistics, and engineering. Functional departmentalization can be used in all types of organizations. Product departmentalization Grouping activities by product line. Tasks can also be grouped according to a specific product or service, thus placing all activities related to the product or the service under one manager. Each major product area in the corporation is under the authority of a senior manager who is specialist in, and is responsible for, everything related to the product line. LA Gear is an example of company that uses product departmentalization. Its structure is based on its varied product lines which include womens footwear, childrens footwear and mens footwear. Customer departmentalization Grouping activities on the basis of common customers or types of customers. Jobs may be grouped according to the type of customer served by the organization. The assumption is that customers in each department have a common set of problems and needs that can best be met by specialists. The sales activities in an office supply firm can be broken down into three departments that serve retail, wholesale and government accounts.